"Rose de Jerusalem" [Frankfurt-Jerusalem: Wilhelm Moses Shapira and Christian Friedrich Spittler, ca. 1860s]. "Rose de Jerusalem, " folding lithographic print, depicting colorful roses, sites sacred to Jews and Christians and famous Jerusalem sites. The images are captioned in English and French. "Rose" prints of this sort were common in the 19th century, depicting sites from various cities around the world. The first Jerusalemite "Rose, " known in Hebrew as a "Shoshanta, " was printed by Joel Moses Solomon and Mikhel HaKohen. The two traveled to Europe in 1859 to study Torah; however, when they subsequently decided they also needed a profession, they began studying lithography in Königsberg (today Kaliningrad) and eventually returned to Jerusalem with a lithographic press in their possession. Their first printed item – produced in Jerusalem in 1862 – was a "Shoshanta" featuring views of Jerusalem and holy sites in Palestine. Soon they had competitors, specifically the publisher and antiquities dealer Moses Wilhelm Shapira, widely regarded as a purveyor of forged antiquities; and Christian Friedrich Spittler, founder of the St. Chrischona Pilgrim Mission in Basel, Switzerland (the mission responsible for sending Johann Ludwig Schneller – founder of Jerusalem's German Protestant Schneller [Syrian] Orphanage – to Palestine). Shapira and Spittler's "Rose" was aimed at Christians, and therefore depicted mainly Christian holy sites in Jerusalem. It was printed in Frankfurt, and arrived in Jerusalem sometime after the printing of the "Shoshanta" by Salomon and HaKohen. Enclosed: an envelope with a view of Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, titled "Rose de Jerusalem" and captioned "Vue de Jérusalem." Diameter: 27 cm. Good condition. Fractures and tears. Minor open tears to edges. Envelope: 14X8.5 cm. Tears and stains to envelope. Reference: Nir Feldman, "Following the Jerusalemite ‘Shoshnata, ' the Pioneer of Hebrew Lithography in Palestine, " "Et-Mol" (234), 2014, Hebrew, pp. 6-8.