Auction 92 Part 1 Rare and Important Items
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Sefer HaRokeach, composed by R. Elazar [of Worms] son of R. Yehuda. [Fano: Gershom Soncino, Erev Pesach 1505]. First edition.
A foremost work on halachah and ethics.
According to many bibliographers, this is the first Hebrew book to be printed with a title page. The title page states in large characters: "Sefer HaRokeach composed by R. Elazar son of R. Yehuda"; and in smaller characters: "Proofread with great precision by… R. Yehuda Yaaleh of Pesaro".
The author, R. Elazar of Worms (ca. 1160-1234), was a kabbalist and halachic authority, one of the Tosafists. He was a disciple of his father's cousin R. Yehuda HaChassid, and of his father R. Yehuda son of R. Kalonymus of Mainz. He composed many works, in halachah, Biblical commentary, ethics and kabbalah, yet was primarily known for his illustrious work, the Rokeach, which he composed after his wife and children were murdered in his presence (the numerical value of Rokeach is equal to that of his name, Elazar, as he writes in his preface). Sefer HaRokeach contains halachic rulings and customs, and serves as an important source for many rulings of the early Tosafists and Ashkenazi Torah scholars in the 12th century. It encompasses a variety of fields and Talmudic topics – halachic pilpul, customs, reasons of halachot, ethics, and more.
The book was recognized as a primary source on halachah and custom, and had a great impact on halachic literature. Thus, its teachings spread and became accepted throughout the Diaspora. The Pnei Yehoshua writes that he greatly rejoiced when his opinion followed that of the illustrious Baal HaRokeach, who merited Divine Inspiration (Megillah 16a); the Bnei Yissaschar similarly mentioned that the Rokeach received revelations from Eliyahu HaNavi (essays of Kislev-Tevet, essay 2, section 2).
Inscriptions in Italian script on the title page. Several glosses and emendations in Italian script.
Censorship deletions (several leaves with extensive deletions), censor's signature on final page: "Camillo Jaghel 1619".
[109] leaves. 30 cm. Good condition. Stains, including dampstains. Marginal worming to several leaves. Minor marginal open tears to several leaves. Marginal paper repairs to first leaves. Old, elegant leather binding, with gilt decorations (new endpapers), slipcased. Minor blemishes and worming to binding.
Minhag Avot Tanya, customs and laws, by R. Yechiel son of R. Yekutiel Anav, author of Maalot HaMiddot. [Mantua: Samuel Latif, 1514]. First edition.
Printed without a title page. Printer's colophon on leaf [99], dated Sivan 1514 in Mantua.
This book is an abridgement of Shibolei HaLeket, with many additions. It was arranged as a halachic composition accompanying the Italian-rite siddur (Minhag Bnei Roma). The book was printed anonymously, but in various editions was attributed to R. Yechiel son of R. Asher (the Rosh) and to R. Yechiel son of R. Tzidkiyah. It was reprinted in many editions, usually titled Tanya Rabati or Tanya Rabata.
Censorship deletions in several places. Brief gloss on one leaf.
[99] leaves. Final leaf (with table of contents) lacking (replaced in photocopy). Four leaves in middle of book ([81]-[84] – laws of Yom Kippur) bound out of sequence. Approx. 20 cm. Most leaves in good condition, first two leaves in fair condition. Stains. Worming, affecting text (primarily to first two leaves). Minor marginal open tears to several leaves. Large open tears to first two leaves, close to text, repaired with paper (leaves possibly supplied from a different copy). New leather binding.
For more information about this work and its author, see: I.Z. Feintuch, Masorot V'Nuschaot BaTalmud, Ramat Gan 1985, pp. 65-76; Y. Ta-Shema, in: Italia, XI, 1995, pp. 48-49.
Provenance: Collection of the Valmadonna Trust Library.
Opus toti christiane reipublice maxime utile, de arcanis catholice ueritatis, contra obstinatissimam iudeoru[m] nostre tempestatis p[er]fidiam: ex Talmud, aliisq[ue] hebraicis libris nuper excerptum [A Work Most Useful for the Christian Republic on the Secrets of the Catholic Truth, against the Hard-Hearted Wickedness of Our Jews, Newly Excerpted from the Talmud and Other Hebrew Books…], by Pietro Galatino. Ortona (Italy): Gershom Soncino, 1518. Latin and some Hebrew.
Between 1507 and 1509, the Jewish apostate Johannes Pfefferkorn published a number of anti-Jewish tracts; considering Jewish books, and especially the Talmud, to be "the source of all evil", he called to have them seized and destroyed. Due to his efforts, in 1509, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ordered the confiscation of Jewish books by authorized agents. Pfefferkorn, in his capacity as the Frankfurt agent, immediately began carrying out the order. The confiscation of Jewish books aroused the opposition of several German scholars, who claimed that Christian truth was hidden in Jewish sources. The debate that developed eventually led the emperor to rescind the order.
This book is unique in being an anti-Jewish work printed by one of the leading Hebrew printers in Italy, Gershom Soncino. The book, authored by the Franciscan Hebraist and scholar Pietro Colonna Galatino, shows that Jewish texts contain hints to the Christian doctrine. Although the work was anti-Jewish, printing this book was a clever act on the part of Soncino who was trying to gain support for printing the Talmud from the more liberal movement within the Catholic church, to which Galatino belonged (see: Angelo Piattelli, New Documents Concerning Bomberg’s Printing of the Talmud, in: Mehevah le-Menahem: Studies in Honor of Menahem Hayyim Schmelzer, Jerusalem, The Schocken Institute for Jewish Research, 2019, pp. 171*-199*).
The book contains many Biblical and Talmudic quotes in Hebrew. The first page of each chapter is set within a woodcut border (this border was used in title pages of various Hebrew books printed by Gershom Soncino, such as Kol Bo, Rimini 1525-1526).
Gershom Soncino, one of the leading Hebrew printers, traveled with his printing equipment through various Italian cities. He printed three books in Ortona, including one in Hebrew. This is the first book he printed in Ortona.
Fine copy. CCCXI, [1] leaves. 30 cm. Good condition. Stains. Worming to title page and several other leaves, affecting title page border and text, repaired in part with paper. Tears to title page, affecting border, and minor open tear to one leaf, affecting text. Early parchment binding. Blemishes to binding.
Peculium Abrae, Grammatica Hebraea – Mikneh Avram, Hebrew grammar, by the physician and grammarian R. Avraham de Balmes. Venice: Daniel Bomberg, [1523].
Fine copy, in blind-stamped leather over wooden boards; clasps.
Hebrew (vocalized) and Latin on facing pages. The translation was presumably composed by Kalonymus ben David Kalonymus, who wrote the last section of the book – Shaar B'Taamei HaMikra, and brought the book to print.
On verso of the title page, a poem in Latin in honor of Daniel Bomberg, followed by a foreword in Latin by Daniel Bomberg. The author praises Bomberg in his preface.
A Hebrew-only edition was printed concurrently. The layout of the Hebrew text is almost identical. In the present edition, each row is numbered.
[315] leaves. 21 cm. Light-colored, high-quality paper, with wide margins. Good condition. Stains (dark stains to first leaves). Minor marginal worming to first leaves. Marginal open tear to title page, repaired with paper. Fine, contemporary binding – blind-stamped leather over wooden boards, with clasps. Blemishes and some worming to binding.
Habermann, The Printer Daniel Bomberg, no. 76.
Provenance: Collection of the Valmadonna Trust Library.
Responsa of the Maharik, by R. Yosef Colon. Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1519. First edition.
Colophon on the final page, stating that the book was completed on Wednesday, 22nd Adar 1519 by the sons of Baruch Adelkind for Daniel Bomberg of Antwerp.
R. Yosef Colon – the Maharik (ca. 1420 – 1480), leading Italian rabbi in the 15th century and prominent Halachic authority. Born in France to R. Shlomo, a descendant of Rashi. In his youth he travelled through various Italian towns, serving as a teacher of young children, and already then began issuing halachic rulings. He served as rabbi of Piedmont, where he established a yeshiva. Ca. 1430 he was appointed rabbi of Mantua. His prominent disciples include R. Ovadia of Bartenura, R. Eliyahu Delmedigo, R. Yisrael Ashkenazi, R. Azriel Diena, and others. The Maharik owned a particularly large library, including unknown anthologies of Tosafot and books of the Rishonim. In general, he mentions more books and textual versions than any other halachic authority.
Responsa of the Maharik was first published after his passing by his disciple R. Chiya Meir son of R. David. At the beginning of the book, the publisher listed "shorashim", a synopsis of each responsum, explaining in his foreword that since most of the responsa branch out to discuss side topics, he decided to pinpoint the main focus of each responsum. In time, the sections of this work were referred to as "shorashim". Several subsequent editions were published, with some variations. The publisher R. Chiya Meir writes that there are other responsa by the Maharik, which he was not able to obtain despite his efforts. Only in the last generation was the book published with the addition of several dozen responsa from a manuscript. Immediately after its publication, the book became a classic halachic work, and several years later, when R. Yosef Karo composed the Shulchan Aruch and based himself on it in many places, the book became one of the pillars of halachic ruling for the entire Jewish people (see: R. Y. Buxbaum, Toldot Rabbenu Yosef Colon VeShitato, introduction to Responsae and Decisions of Rabbi Joseph Colon, Machon Yerushalayim, Jerusalem 1999, pp. 19-49).
Ownership inscription on the title page: "…acquired with my money for the service of my Creator, Yitzchak son of Yosef". Glosses (some trimmed) by several writers on title page and other leaves.
[10], 233 leaves. 233 cm. Fair-good condition. Stains, including dampstains. Wear. Worming, affecting text. Tears, including marginal open tears to several leaves, not affecting text, repaired in part with paper. Handwritten inscriptions on title page. New leather binding.
Habermann, The Printer Daniel Bomberg, no. 16.
Responsa of R. Moshe son of Nachman. Venice: [Daniel Bomberg, 1519]. First edition.
Collection of responsa by R. Shlomo ben Aderet (the Rashba), mistakenly attributed to the Ramban. The attribution of the book to the Ramban stems from the fact that section 284 includes a responsum from the Ramban to Rabbenu Yonah. It is however the only responsum in this book actually composed by the Ramban, and the rest of the book is from the Rashba (see preface of R. Yosef Karo to his book Beit Yosef, where he relates to this book as the responsa of the Rashba, noting that the responsa are referred to at the beginning as the responsa of the Ramban).
Signature on the title page in Italian script: "Yochanan son of R. Yitzchak of Fano… 1603" (partially deleted); "Mine, Moshe son of David Fano".
Other signatures on the title page and following leaf: "Avraham Abocara" – presumably the signatures of R. Avraham Abocara (d. 1880), Tunisian Torah scholar, dayan and kabbalist, author of Ben Avraham (Livorno, 1882).
On the verso of the title page, handwritten inscription regarding the false attribution of the book to the Ramban.
[94] leaves. 24 cm. Good-fair condition. Stains, including dampstains. Worming affecting text, repaired in part with paper. Marginal paper repairs to several leaves. One gathering loose. New leather binding.
Habermann, The Printer Daniel Bomberg, no. 10.
Sefer HaTerumah, halachic rulings on various topics, by R. Baruch son of R. Yitzchak of France. Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1523. First edition.
Sefer HaTerumah is one of the prominent halachic works composed in the times of the Tosafists. It includes halachot on various topics: laws of shechitah, terefot, kashrut, challah, niddah, divorce, chalitzah, avodah zarah, yayin nesech, Torah scrolls, tefillin, Shabbat. Following the laws of tefillin is a special chapter devoted to the laws of Eretz Israel.
The author, R. Baruch son of R. Yitzchak, was a Tosafist from France (named Baal HaTerumah after his book; sometimes erroneously referred to as R. Baruch of Worms), close disciple of R. Yitzchak son of R. Shmuel (R. Yitzchak the elder). He immigrated to Eretz Israel shortly before his passing. In his book, he dedicates a special chapter to the laws pertaining to Eretz Israel, possibly inspired by the practice of immigrating to Eretz Israel, which was common in his times.
The book opens with a comprehensive table of contents, containing a summary of the laws in the order of the chapters.
Ownership inscriptions on the title page: "I acquired this book with my wealth in honor of my Creator Menashe son of R. Itzek of Lissa"; "Belongs to R. Menashe Brostein[?] of Lissa, so says one who resides in his home, Yosef Ish Kohen Efrati"; "Yehonatan son of R. Yosef Segal".
Several inscriptions in Sephardic script: "Today Tuesday 21st Iyar… 1713, the great Torah scholar R. Yaakov Aryeh passed away…"; "Today, Shabbat… Tishrei 1705, my son Yaakov was born…".
[139] leaves. Without blank leaf at end of book. Approx. 26 cm. Condition varies. Title page, first and final leaves in fair condition. Most leaves in good condition. Stains, including dampstains and traces of past dampness, with mold. Tears, including large open tears to title page and second leaf, and open tears to several other leaves (including final three leaves), not affecting text, repaired with paper. Worming, affecting text, repaired in part with paper. Stamps. New leather binding.
Habermann, The Printer Daniel Bomberg, no. 81.
Mikraot Gedolot, Five Books of the Torah, Neviim Rishonim, Neviim Acharonim and Ketuvim, with Targum Onkelos and the commentaries of Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak, Targum Yonathan and more. Venice: Daniel Bomberg, [1524-1525]. Set in four volumes.
This Mikraot Gedolot edition, edited by Yaakov son of Chaim ibn Adoniyahu, and printed by Bomberg, is considered one of the most important editions of the Bible. It is renowned for its accuracy and beauty, and served as prototype and standard text for all following editions. This edition is also unique for its Masorah (Masorah Gedolah and Masorah Ketanah). Yaakov son of Chaim, who initiated this edition and prepared it for print, established the text of the Masorah based on various manuscripts, with the addition of his glosses to the Masorah and a general foreword which he authored. The present edition is in fact the first edition in which the Masorah is printed alongside the text of the Bible, and it became one of the most important sources for the text of the Masorah for future generations.
Colophon at the end of Divrei HaYamim: "Completed on 24th Tishrei 1525, in the press of Daniel Bomberg, here in Venice…".
This edition includes, apart from the Masorah Gedolah and Masorah Ketanah, Targum and the commentary of Rashi: the commentary of Ibn Ezra to most of the Bible, the commentary of Radak (to Neviim), the commentary of Ralbag (Neviim Rishonim, Mishlei and Iyov) and the commentary of R. Saadiah Gaon (to Daniel). The commentaries to Mishlei, Iyov and Ezra-Nechamia printed under the name of Ibn Ezra were actually authored by R. Moshe Kimchi.
At the end of the fourth volume, the Final Masorah was printed, along with lists of variants between Ben-Asher and Ben-Naftali and between the Western and the Eastern traditions (lacking final two leaves; the present set includes an additional volume containing another copy of the Masorah – also lacking several leaves).
Yaakov son of Chaim ibn Adoniyahu was born in Tunis and fled to Italy due to persecutions. He settled in Venice, where he became a proofreader in Bomberg's press, and took part in several of his prominent printing enterprises, including the present Mikraot Gedolot, the Jerusalem Talmud, and more. At some point, he converted to Christianity. In his book Masoret HaMasoret (second preface), R. Eliyahu Bachur praises the beauty and superiority of the Mikraot Gedolot edited by Yaakov son of Chaim, while at the same time condemning his conversion and criticizing the errors which crept into his work.
In the lengthy foreword at the beginning of the first volume, Yaakov son of Chaim recounts his life story, describing his peaceful years studying in Tunis, and the tribulations he underwent before reaching Venice, where he was approached by Bomberg who employed him to proofread the books he was printing.
Inscriptions and signatures in several places. On the title page of vol. I: "Ours, Binyamin and Shmuel son of R. Shmuel Tzadik, 1670"; on the title page of vol. II: "Belongs to the renowned R. Hertz Neimark…". Inscription on the verso of the title page of vol. III. Several glosses in vol. I. Glosses in neat Sephardic script in vol. III.
Censor's signatures at the end of the Torah vol. and at the end of the Five Megillot (copy bound after Divrei HaYamim). Words deleted with ink or scraped off (for censorship purposes) in several places.
Four volumes: Torah: [234] leaves. Neviim Rishonim: [209] leaves. Without final blank leaf. Neviim Acharonim: [211] leaves. Without final blank leaf. Ketuvim (with Masorah): [337] leaves. Lacking final two leaves of Masorah, with variants and Shaar HaNeginot. Without blank leaf following Divrei HaYamim (leaf [232]). Another copy of of Five Megillot – [42] leaves – bound after Divrei HaYamim.
Approx. 37-42 cm (Neviim Rishonim vol. larger than other volumes). Condition varies, fair to fair-good. Stains, including dark dampstains (many dampstains to vols. II and IV), and traces of past dampness to several leaves. Wear (primarily to vol. II). Worming, affecting text, repaired with paper. Many tears in various places, including large open tears, affecting text, repaired with paper (several leaves with handwritten text replacement). Damage to title pages (worming, closed and open tears, some large, affecting text and borders), repaired with paper; paper on verso of some title pages, for reinforcement. Several leaves possibly supplied from other copies. Leaves trimmed with damage to text in several places. New leather bindings.
Reference: M. Goshen-Gottstein's introduction to Biblia Rabbinica, a reprint of the 1525 Venice edition edited by Jacob ben Hayim ibn Adoniya, Jerusalem, 1972, I, pp. 7-8; J. Penkower, Jacob ben Hayyim and the rise of the Biblia Rabbinica, Jerusalem 1982.
Habermann, The Printer Daniel Bomberg, no. 93.
Five Books of the Torah, Neviim and Ketuvim. Antwerp: Christopher Plantin, 1573-[1574]. Two miniature volumes.
All 24 books of the Bible in their entirety, without vocalization and cantillation marks.
Two volumes, bound in elegant red, gilt-decorated leather bindings, with original decorative endpapers. The volumes are placed in original leather cases, with owner's initials: "R.L".
Two volumes. Vol. I (Torah and Neviim Rishonim): [2], 318 pages, [2] blank pages; 271 pages, [1] blank page. Vol. II (Neviim Acharonim and Ketuvim): 287 pages, [1] blank page; [1], 3-352 pages. Approx. 10 cm. Gilt edges. Most leaves in good condition. Stains, including dampstains. Tear to title page of vol. I (leaf mounted on paper for reinforcement), and open tears to title page of vol. II, affecting text. Minor tear to one leaf of vol. II, affecting text. Marginal worming to several leaves of vol. II. Leaves trimmed with minor damage to text in several places. Handwritten inscriptions on verso of title page of vol. II. Original leather bindings, in leather cases. Blemishes to bindings and cases.
Or Amim, philosophical work by R. Ovadia Sforno. Bologna: Silk Weaver's Guild, [1537]. First edition.
The author, R. Ovadia Sforno (d. 1550) was a leading Italian Torah scholar, renowned for his commentary on the Torah. He lived in Bologna, where he served as posek and earned a living as an expert physician. He was presumably one of the sponsors (or initiators) of the establishment of the press of the Silk Weaver's Guild in Bologna. In his philosophical work Or Amim, R. Ovadia Sforno challenges and refutes the theories of the renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle. He later translated his work to Latin. The Latin edition was also printed in Bologna, a year later, in 1538. This is the first book printed by the Silk Weaver's Guild (and one of the first Hebrew books printed in Bologna).
Signature on title page (faded): "Ish Ger" – acronym of R. Avraham Yosef Shlomo Graziano, Jewish-Italian scholar and maskil in the 17th century; renowned collector of books and manuscripts.
64 leaves. 18.5 cm. Good-fair condition. Stains. Open tears to title page and final leaf, not affecting text, repaired with paper. Minor worming, repaired in part with paper. All leaves were professionally restored and cleaned (resulting in fading of signatures and inscriptions). Inscriptions. Censor's signatures. New leather binding.
Moreh Nevuchim by the Rambam, with the Shem Tov and HaEfodi commentaries. Venice: Alvise Bragadin, 1551. First edition of the commentaries.
The Rambam's great philosophical work, translated by R. Shmuel ibn Tibbon (the book was originally composed in Judeo-Arabic), first printed in Rome ca. 1470. The first edition of this work was one of the first Hebrew books to be printed. This is the second edition, including for the first time the famous commentaries to Moreh Nevuchim: Shem Tov – by R. Shem Tov ibn Shem Tov, and HaEfodi – by R. Yitzchak Profiat Duran. The table of contents by R. Yehuda al-Harizi printed here is different from the one printed in the first edition.
The title page features Bragadin's printer's device, comprising three crowns (see: A. Yaari, Diglei HaMadpisim HaIvriim, Jerusalem 1944, image 18 and p. 131). This book was brought to print by Meir son of Yaakov Parenzo, and his foreword appears on the verso of the title page (regarding R. Meir Parenzo, see: A.M. Habermann, The Parenzo Printers in Venice, Areshet, I, 1959, pp. 61-90). At the end of the book, afterword by the proofreader Moshe son of R. Zecharya Katz of Corfu, with poems in praise of the book.
Signature on the title page, deleted and indistinct: "Leib Crailsh---" (possibly R. Leib Crailsheim, a Pressburg community leader, whose signature appears on community regulations dated 1740 – see enclosed material).
Two glosses on the first leaf of the glossary.
Censorship deletions. Censorship inscriptions on verso of the final leaf.
[12], 185, [1] leaves. 29.5 cm. Fair-good condition. Many stains, including dark stains and dampstains. Worming, slightly affecting the text of several leaves. Tears, including open tears, to title page and other leaves, repaired with paper. New leather binding.
Torat HaOlah, philosophical-kabbalistic explanations regarding the Temple and sacrifices, by R. Moshe Isserles – the Rema. Prague: Mordechai (son of Gershom) Katz, 1570. First edition, printed in the author's lifetime.
Torat HaOlah is a philosophical-kabbalistic work discussing the Temple and sacrifices. The book is divided into three parts: Part I (titled "Har" – mountain) pertains to the structure of the Temple and its utensils; Part II ("Sadeh" – field) explains the meaning of the sacrifices and the laws of the kohanim in general; and Part III ("Bayit" – house) discusses each sacrifice in detail.
In his preface, the Rema explains that one of the purposes of his work is to achieve true appreciation of the great benefit gained from the Temple, and what we lost with its destruction. The title of the work was chosen by the Rema, who explains that since the Olah offering was brought to atone for improper thoughts, he desires his work to serve as an atonement for his sins, and to help purify his ideas and thoughts, in order that his love and worship of G-d should be more complete.
The book provides a philosophical interpretation of the Temple laws, combined with corresponding Kabbalistic concepts, as he writes in his book: "Kabbalah is philosophy, though in different terms" (Torat HaOlah, III, chapter IV). In one of his responsa, he speaks similarly of the relation between philosophy and kabbalah: "Both are the word of G-d… and are equally good…" (Responsa of the Rema, section 7).
The philosophy in this work is greatly influenced by the teachings of the Rambam, who is mentioned in almost every chapter. The structure of the book is reminiscent of the Rambam's Moreh Nevuchim.
Title page set in fine engraved border.
The preface is preceded by a poem in honor of the author, authored by "Manish". On the final leaf, two poems in honor of the author and the book, by "Shmuel son of Reuven, known as Shmuel Setzer… of Frankfurt am Main".
Conclusion by the Rema on leaf 172, with a commentary to the blessing of Baruch SheAmar.
Ownership inscriptions on title page, deleted with ink and difficult to decipher.
[6], 173 leaves. 28 cm. Browned paper. Fair-good condition. Stains, including large dampstains, dark stains and wax stains. Tears and worming, slightly affecting engraved title page border. Tears affecting text in several places, and open tears to title page (without damage to text), repaired with paper. Minor damage (singeing). Stamp on title page. New leather binding.