Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
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Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $400
Unsold
Printed certificate, confirmation of transfer of funds to the "Ha'avara" company, owned jointly by the Anglo-Palestine Bank, Bank of the Temple Society and the Jewish Agency, with handwritten details and stamps of the Bank of the Temple Society. 1935. English.
The Ha'avara Agreement ("transfer agreement") was signed in 1933 between the government of Nazi Germany and the Jewish Agency, with the aim of transferring the possessions and capital of German Jews to Palestine. Within the framework of the agreement, wealthy German Jews, planning to emigrate to Palestine, transferred their money to one of three mediating companies ("HaNote'ah", Anglo-Palestine Bank or"Ha'avara") and they in turn transferred it to companies in Palestine, with a promise to purchase only German goods. After the immigrants arrived to Palestine, two thirds of their original funds were returned to them.
The agreement caused a major controversy in the Jewish community in Palestine and in the Diaspora, as many questioned the moral propriety of negotiating with the Nazis and the economic gain to be derived there from.
[1] leaf, 22X24.5 cm. Good condition. A few stains. Creases and several small tears along edges. Filing holes.
The Ha'avara Agreement ("transfer agreement") was signed in 1933 between the government of Nazi Germany and the Jewish Agency, with the aim of transferring the possessions and capital of German Jews to Palestine. Within the framework of the agreement, wealthy German Jews, planning to emigrate to Palestine, transferred their money to one of three mediating companies ("HaNote'ah", Anglo-Palestine Bank or"Ha'avara") and they in turn transferred it to companies in Palestine, with a promise to purchase only German goods. After the immigrants arrived to Palestine, two thirds of their original funds were returned to them.
The agreement caused a major controversy in the Jewish community in Palestine and in the Diaspora, as many questioned the moral propriety of negotiating with the Nazis and the economic gain to be derived there from.
[1] leaf, 22X24.5 cm. Good condition. A few stains. Creases and several small tears along edges. Filing holes.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $1,000
Sold for: $1,250
Including buyer's premium
Two membership directories (Mitglieder-Verzeichnis) which were issued by the Verein selbständiger Handwerker jüdischen Glaubens zu Berlin [Association of Self-Employed Craftsmen of the Jewish Faith]. [Berlin, 1935-1937]. German.
Two handbooks containing names of more than a thousand Jewish craftsmen and businesses in Berlin and documenting Jewish commerce under Nazi rule, shortly before the destruction of the Jewish economy in Germany.
The Verein selbständiger Handwerker jüdischen Glaubens was established in Germany in 1895, in order to promote Jewish craftsmen and fight against the negative image they had. The organization provided its members with legal support, managed a loan fund, distributed allowances to those in need and every several years, published handbooks listing the Jewish businesses affiliated to the organization's main chapter in Berlin.
When the Nazis seized power, approx. half of the Jewish craftsmen in Germany lived in Berlin. Already in 1933, a boycott of Jewish products and businesses was declared and with it started a consistent process of economic oppression and social isolation of the Jews of Germany. As their situation worsened, more and more Jews joined the union of craftsmen. The membership directories that it published enabled them to compensate for the loss of German clients due to the acquaintance with new Jewish clients. Despite the efforts of the organization, during the 1930s, most of the Jewish businesses in Germany closed down. In early 1938 Jews were banned from owning businesses; and following the Kristallnacht, Jewish businesses were completely wiped out. In the same year, the director of the association of Jewish craftsmen, Wilhelm Marcus, fled Germany and the organization ceased to exist.
These are the two last membership directories published by the association of Jewish craftsmen during the 1930s, documenting the craftsmen and small businesses in the Jewish community of Berlin: a handbook with the names of the organization members in the years 1934-1935 and a handbook with the names of the members in 1936-1937. The directories are alphabetically ordered, divided according to the type of business and include the names of the members and their addresses. The first handbook also contains many advertisements for the various businesses and a leaf meant for adding addresses and additional details (filled-in with pencil).
Two handbooks. 328 and 208 pp, approx. 15.5 cm. With the original paper covers. The 1935 booklet is in good condition, with minor blemishes (mainly to cover). The 1937 booklet is in good-fair condition, with a detached cover and several detached leaves; small tears to the edges of several pages. Stamp on the cover of one booklet and on the title page of the other booklet.
OCLC lists only few copies of both handbooks.
Two handbooks containing names of more than a thousand Jewish craftsmen and businesses in Berlin and documenting Jewish commerce under Nazi rule, shortly before the destruction of the Jewish economy in Germany.
The Verein selbständiger Handwerker jüdischen Glaubens was established in Germany in 1895, in order to promote Jewish craftsmen and fight against the negative image they had. The organization provided its members with legal support, managed a loan fund, distributed allowances to those in need and every several years, published handbooks listing the Jewish businesses affiliated to the organization's main chapter in Berlin.
When the Nazis seized power, approx. half of the Jewish craftsmen in Germany lived in Berlin. Already in 1933, a boycott of Jewish products and businesses was declared and with it started a consistent process of economic oppression and social isolation of the Jews of Germany. As their situation worsened, more and more Jews joined the union of craftsmen. The membership directories that it published enabled them to compensate for the loss of German clients due to the acquaintance with new Jewish clients. Despite the efforts of the organization, during the 1930s, most of the Jewish businesses in Germany closed down. In early 1938 Jews were banned from owning businesses; and following the Kristallnacht, Jewish businesses were completely wiped out. In the same year, the director of the association of Jewish craftsmen, Wilhelm Marcus, fled Germany and the organization ceased to exist.
These are the two last membership directories published by the association of Jewish craftsmen during the 1930s, documenting the craftsmen and small businesses in the Jewish community of Berlin: a handbook with the names of the organization members in the years 1934-1935 and a handbook with the names of the members in 1936-1937. The directories are alphabetically ordered, divided according to the type of business and include the names of the members and their addresses. The first handbook also contains many advertisements for the various businesses and a leaf meant for adding addresses and additional details (filled-in with pencil).
Two handbooks. 328 and 208 pp, approx. 15.5 cm. With the original paper covers. The 1935 booklet is in good condition, with minor blemishes (mainly to cover). The 1937 booklet is in good-fair condition, with a detached cover and several detached leaves; small tears to the edges of several pages. Stamp on the cover of one booklet and on the title page of the other booklet.
OCLC lists only few copies of both handbooks.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $500
Unsold
Erblehre, Abstammungs- und Rassenkunde in Bildlicher Darstellung [Heredity, Genealogy and Racial Science, Pictorial Representation], portfolio with plates of text, illustrations and sketches for teaching heredity and race theory. Text by Alfred Vogel; illustrations by Eberhard Brauchle. Stuttgart: Verlag für National Literatur Gebr. Rath, 1939. German. Second edition.
Portfolio with 80 plates combining text, illustrations and diagrams (many of them in color) intended for the instruction of heredity and racial science in schools in Nazi Germany. The portfolio was created by Alfred Vogel, an elementary school principal in Baden, to accompany another textbook he had written on the subject (Erblehre und Rassenkunde für die Grund- und Hauptschule, 1937). The plates were illustrated by Eberhard Brauchle.
The plates form two groups, the first of which deals with the laws of Mendelian Inheritance, laws proposed by biologist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884). These plates contain illustrations and diagrams presenting various experiments and studies in plants. The second group of plates deals with heredity and racial science. By means of illustrations, diagrams, photographs and more, the plates present the anti-Semitic racial theory about the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of other races.
The portfolio, which reflects the doctrine of the Nazi party and the Nuremberg race laws, puts a special emphasis on the nature and character of the Jew: inferior genetics, defilement of the Aryan race, a degenerate culture, corrupted morals, love of money, the plot to take over the world, and the like. On the bottom of some of the plates appear quotations and sentences reflecting the racial and anti-Semitic principles of the Nazi party.
[1], 79 plates (numbered 1-48, 48a, 49-78), 39 cm. Portfolio: approx. 40X30.5 cm. Good overall condition. Stains. Minor creases in the corners of the plates. Stains, tears and blemishes to portfolio.
Portfolio with 80 plates combining text, illustrations and diagrams (many of them in color) intended for the instruction of heredity and racial science in schools in Nazi Germany. The portfolio was created by Alfred Vogel, an elementary school principal in Baden, to accompany another textbook he had written on the subject (Erblehre und Rassenkunde für die Grund- und Hauptschule, 1937). The plates were illustrated by Eberhard Brauchle.
The plates form two groups, the first of which deals with the laws of Mendelian Inheritance, laws proposed by biologist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884). These plates contain illustrations and diagrams presenting various experiments and studies in plants. The second group of plates deals with heredity and racial science. By means of illustrations, diagrams, photographs and more, the plates present the anti-Semitic racial theory about the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of other races.
The portfolio, which reflects the doctrine of the Nazi party and the Nuremberg race laws, puts a special emphasis on the nature and character of the Jew: inferior genetics, defilement of the Aryan race, a degenerate culture, corrupted morals, love of money, the plot to take over the world, and the like. On the bottom of some of the plates appear quotations and sentences reflecting the racial and anti-Semitic principles of the Nazi party.
[1], 79 plates (numbered 1-48, 48a, 49-78), 39 cm. Portfolio: approx. 40X30.5 cm. Good overall condition. Stains. Minor creases in the corners of the plates. Stains, tears and blemishes to portfolio.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $800
Sold for: $1,125
Including buyer's premium
Approx. 65 certificates, documents and other items, which belonged to a Jewish family from Vienna that fled Nazi-occupied Austria to Palestine in 1939. Austria and Palestine, 1910s to 1950s. German and some Hebrew.
Collection of certificates and documents from the estate of a Jewish family from Vienna – the couple Herman (Zvi/Hirsch) and Regina (Rivka) Heller, and their children, Yosef, Leo and Maximillian. The documents serve as a testimony to the family's history in the period between the world wars, until their successful flight from Austria and immigration to Palestine a few months before the outbreak of World War II. From the documents, we learn that the couple Herman and Regina were born in Bukovina during the 1890s. In the early 20th century, they moved to Vienna where they married in 1920. During the 1920s, Herman studied at the Faculty of Law at the University of Vienna and during the 1930s, he worked as an advocate. In 1939, approximately a year after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, the five members of the young family immigrated to Palestine to start a new life in Eretz Israel.
Among the items in the collection:
• A pair of Phylacteries (Tefillin) in a satin cloth bag embroidered with a Star of David and a monogrammed letter "H" – Heller; presumably belonging to Herman Heller. • The wedding Ketubah of Herman and Regina, dated 1920 – Hebrew printed form, filled-in by hand. (Printed by Y.M. Belf, Vienna.) • Amtszeugnis, a letter of recommendation issued by the Supreme Court of Vienna (Präsidium des Oberlandesgerichts); given to Herman Heller in August 1938• Bescheinigung, a certificate given to Herman Heller in 1939 exempting him from military service due to his being a Jew, issued by the District Military Headquarters in Vienna (Wehrbezirkskommando Wien II) and stamped with the Reichsadler and swastika. • Two Third Reich German passports (Deutsches Reich Reisepass) issued to Regina and her son Yosef in the years 1938-1939. The passports are stamped with the letter "J" (for Jude [Jew]) and bear stamps of the Nazi Chief of Police in Vienna (Polizeipräsident in Wien) and additional stamps. The name ‘Sarah’ was added in handwriting alongside Regina's name (according to a law passed in Nazi Germany in 1938 forcing every Jewish man to add the name Israel and every Jewish woman the name Sarah so they could be easily identified as Jews). The passports bear stamps of the British Consulate in Vienna, visa stamps to Palestine dated January 1939 and stamps of the Department of Migration of the Government of Palestine (granting permission to remain permanently in Palestine). • An immigration certificate granted in February 1939 by the Jewish Agency to Herman Heller and his family.
The collection also contains documents in the name of Herman Heller from the years he studied law at Vienna University; two certificates of municipal citizenship of Vienna, in the name of Herman and Regina Heller (1933), various certificates issued by educational institutions in Austria and Vienna to Herman and his children, two membership certificates issued by the Histadrut Labor Federation of Palestine (1949 and 1953), and more.
A total of approx. 65 items. Size and condition vary.
Collection of certificates and documents from the estate of a Jewish family from Vienna – the couple Herman (Zvi/Hirsch) and Regina (Rivka) Heller, and their children, Yosef, Leo and Maximillian. The documents serve as a testimony to the family's history in the period between the world wars, until their successful flight from Austria and immigration to Palestine a few months before the outbreak of World War II. From the documents, we learn that the couple Herman and Regina were born in Bukovina during the 1890s. In the early 20th century, they moved to Vienna where they married in 1920. During the 1920s, Herman studied at the Faculty of Law at the University of Vienna and during the 1930s, he worked as an advocate. In 1939, approximately a year after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, the five members of the young family immigrated to Palestine to start a new life in Eretz Israel.
Among the items in the collection:
• A pair of Phylacteries (Tefillin) in a satin cloth bag embroidered with a Star of David and a monogrammed letter "H" – Heller; presumably belonging to Herman Heller. • The wedding Ketubah of Herman and Regina, dated 1920 – Hebrew printed form, filled-in by hand. (Printed by Y.M. Belf, Vienna.) • Amtszeugnis, a letter of recommendation issued by the Supreme Court of Vienna (Präsidium des Oberlandesgerichts); given to Herman Heller in August 1938• Bescheinigung, a certificate given to Herman Heller in 1939 exempting him from military service due to his being a Jew, issued by the District Military Headquarters in Vienna (Wehrbezirkskommando Wien II) and stamped with the Reichsadler and swastika. • Two Third Reich German passports (Deutsches Reich Reisepass) issued to Regina and her son Yosef in the years 1938-1939. The passports are stamped with the letter "J" (for Jude [Jew]) and bear stamps of the Nazi Chief of Police in Vienna (Polizeipräsident in Wien) and additional stamps. The name ‘Sarah’ was added in handwriting alongside Regina's name (according to a law passed in Nazi Germany in 1938 forcing every Jewish man to add the name Israel and every Jewish woman the name Sarah so they could be easily identified as Jews). The passports bear stamps of the British Consulate in Vienna, visa stamps to Palestine dated January 1939 and stamps of the Department of Migration of the Government of Palestine (granting permission to remain permanently in Palestine). • An immigration certificate granted in February 1939 by the Jewish Agency to Herman Heller and his family.
The collection also contains documents in the name of Herman Heller from the years he studied law at Vienna University; two certificates of municipal citizenship of Vienna, in the name of Herman and Regina Heller (1933), various certificates issued by educational institutions in Austria and Vienna to Herman and his children, two membership certificates issued by the Histadrut Labor Federation of Palestine (1949 and 1953), and more.
A total of approx. 65 items. Size and condition vary.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $5,000
Sold for: $8,750
Including buyer's premium
More than 400 items documenting the life of a Jewish family that escaped from Vienna to Shanghai during World War II. Vienna, Shanghai and elsewhere, 1930s and 1940s (a few are from earlier or later years). German, English, and other languages.
An interesting, comprehensive collection of certificates and official documents, letters, photographs and other items relating the life story of the couple Max and Dorotha Konstein and their daughter Edith; especially their lives under the Nazi regime in Vienna, their escape from Europe in 1940 and their life in Shanghai in the 1940s.
Maximillian (Max) Konstein was born in 1893 in Třebíč (the Czech Republic). During World War I, he served in the Austro-Hungarian army and in the early 1920s moved to Vienna and married Dorotha (born in Krakow in 1899). Their daughter, Edith, was born in Vienna in 1932.
In 1938, with the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, the Konsteins began to feel the persecution of the Jews firsthand – Max lost his job at the Kosmos insurance company and the couple were forced to leave their apartment, their possessions being sold for a pittance. Subsequently, Max and Dorotha decided to leave Vienna. In 1940, after many attempts to attain visas, a period during which they corresponded with the consulate of Chile, they succeeded in finding refuge in Shanghai, which at the time was the only city in the world allowing entrance without a passport or a visa (all that was needed was an European exit visa). In Shanghai they lived as stateless refugees. Edith studied at the Jewish school in the town and was a member of local Scouts movement.
Max Konstein died in 1945. In subsequent years, Dorotha and Edith worked for the American army. In 1949, they received new Austrian passports and attained visas via Canada to the USA, where they settled.
This collection includes numerous items documenting the persecution of the family members in Europe and their life in Shanghai:
• Three certificates, printed, filled-in by hand and stamped by the Vienna police, indicating that Edith and Dorotha added the middle name "Sarah" to their names, whereas Max added the name "Israel" (as required by Nazi law).
• Official price appraisal (Verkaufsschätzung) of the family's possessions from May 20, 1939, before they had to leave their house in Vienna – a list of the family's furniture and its appraisal.
• Announcement issued by the property manager in Vienna (Hausverwaltung), informing the Konsteins that they must leave their house immediately and move to a new address. 22.7.1939.
• Three letters that were sent to Max Konstein from his workplace, the Kosmos insurance company, documenting the worsening of his situation after the annexation of Austria: a letter from February 1937 (about a year before the annexation), congratulating Konstein for 25 years of work in the company; a short letter from April 1938, announcing that he will have to sever his ties to the company at the end of the year; and a letter of dismissal from July 1938.
• A German passport for Jews in the name of Max Konstein. On the first page appears the red stamp "J" (Jew) and alongside his name, the middle name "Israel" was added. Contains an entrance visa to Chile (from November 1939) and a one-time exit visa from the port of Trieste (Italy).
• A letter from October 1939, by the consul of Chile in Berlin, Artemio Zanartu, announcing the intention of issuing visas for the family and listing the documents the family needs to submit.
• Entrance visa to Chile in the name of Dorotha Konstein, hand-signed by the Chilean consul in Berlin. Issued on 25.11.1939.
• A boarding pass for the Conte Rosso ship sailing to Shanghai, for Edith Konstein.
• A letter from the Kitchen-Fund Kuratorium aid organization, to the Director General of the Office for the Shanghai Stateless Refugees Affairs, 1945. Indicating that the house where Dorotha and Edith had lived was destroyed in a bombing.
• Various certificates that were issued in Shanghai in the name of Edith Konstein, including a certificate issued by the American Army Advisory Group in 1948 (Edith being only 16 years old at the time), indicating her work in the service of the army.
• Certificates issued by the Shanghai Jewish School and notebooks used by Edith during her studies at the school.
• A certificate issued by The Boy Scouts Association, Shanghai branch.
• Several issues of newspapers, including the Shanghai Jewish Chronicle and the North China daily News.
• And many additional items, some of them personal items and souvenirs that were collected over the years (a photo album from the 1930s; an ornate wallet with a small collection of Chinese banknotes; a hand-held fan with the emblem of the Rotary International and a map of its branches in the Far East; an embroidered flag of Israel; and more).
A total of approx. 460 items (approx. 290 of them are photographs; some of them arranged in an album). Size and condition vary.
An interesting, comprehensive collection of certificates and official documents, letters, photographs and other items relating the life story of the couple Max and Dorotha Konstein and their daughter Edith; especially their lives under the Nazi regime in Vienna, their escape from Europe in 1940 and their life in Shanghai in the 1940s.
Maximillian (Max) Konstein was born in 1893 in Třebíč (the Czech Republic). During World War I, he served in the Austro-Hungarian army and in the early 1920s moved to Vienna and married Dorotha (born in Krakow in 1899). Their daughter, Edith, was born in Vienna in 1932.
In 1938, with the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, the Konsteins began to feel the persecution of the Jews firsthand – Max lost his job at the Kosmos insurance company and the couple were forced to leave their apartment, their possessions being sold for a pittance. Subsequently, Max and Dorotha decided to leave Vienna. In 1940, after many attempts to attain visas, a period during which they corresponded with the consulate of Chile, they succeeded in finding refuge in Shanghai, which at the time was the only city in the world allowing entrance without a passport or a visa (all that was needed was an European exit visa). In Shanghai they lived as stateless refugees. Edith studied at the Jewish school in the town and was a member of local Scouts movement.
Max Konstein died in 1945. In subsequent years, Dorotha and Edith worked for the American army. In 1949, they received new Austrian passports and attained visas via Canada to the USA, where they settled.
This collection includes numerous items documenting the persecution of the family members in Europe and their life in Shanghai:
• Three certificates, printed, filled-in by hand and stamped by the Vienna police, indicating that Edith and Dorotha added the middle name "Sarah" to their names, whereas Max added the name "Israel" (as required by Nazi law).
• Official price appraisal (Verkaufsschätzung) of the family's possessions from May 20, 1939, before they had to leave their house in Vienna – a list of the family's furniture and its appraisal.
• Announcement issued by the property manager in Vienna (Hausverwaltung), informing the Konsteins that they must leave their house immediately and move to a new address. 22.7.1939.
• Three letters that were sent to Max Konstein from his workplace, the Kosmos insurance company, documenting the worsening of his situation after the annexation of Austria: a letter from February 1937 (about a year before the annexation), congratulating Konstein for 25 years of work in the company; a short letter from April 1938, announcing that he will have to sever his ties to the company at the end of the year; and a letter of dismissal from July 1938.
• A German passport for Jews in the name of Max Konstein. On the first page appears the red stamp "J" (Jew) and alongside his name, the middle name "Israel" was added. Contains an entrance visa to Chile (from November 1939) and a one-time exit visa from the port of Trieste (Italy).
• A letter from October 1939, by the consul of Chile in Berlin, Artemio Zanartu, announcing the intention of issuing visas for the family and listing the documents the family needs to submit.
• Entrance visa to Chile in the name of Dorotha Konstein, hand-signed by the Chilean consul in Berlin. Issued on 25.11.1939.
• A boarding pass for the Conte Rosso ship sailing to Shanghai, for Edith Konstein.
• A letter from the Kitchen-Fund Kuratorium aid organization, to the Director General of the Office for the Shanghai Stateless Refugees Affairs, 1945. Indicating that the house where Dorotha and Edith had lived was destroyed in a bombing.
• Various certificates that were issued in Shanghai in the name of Edith Konstein, including a certificate issued by the American Army Advisory Group in 1948 (Edith being only 16 years old at the time), indicating her work in the service of the army.
• Certificates issued by the Shanghai Jewish School and notebooks used by Edith during her studies at the school.
• A certificate issued by The Boy Scouts Association, Shanghai branch.
• Several issues of newspapers, including the Shanghai Jewish Chronicle and the North China daily News.
• And many additional items, some of them personal items and souvenirs that were collected over the years (a photo album from the 1930s; an ornate wallet with a small collection of Chinese banknotes; a hand-held fan with the emblem of the Rotary International and a map of its branches in the Far East; an embroidered flag of Israel; and more).
A total of approx. 460 items (approx. 290 of them are photographs; some of them arranged in an album). Size and condition vary.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $400
Sold for: $1,500
Including buyer's premium
HaLachma, Pesach in distributietijd, Handleiding voor de Joodsche huisvrouw [Passover during the food rationing, a guide for the Jewish housewife], by Rabbi Aäron Barend Davids. Issued by the Rabbinate of Rotterdam. Rotterdam, 5701 [1941]. Dutch.
A booklet published in preparation for Passover 1941, with instructions on how to observe the Mitzvahs of Passover in the harsh conditions of food rationing that prevailed in Rotterdam under the Nazi occupation. It contains a list of products permitted for use on Passover, several recipes, a list of medicines that can be consumed, the times of the holiday in various areas in Holland, and more.
The booklet was published by the rabbi of the town, Rabbi Aaron Barend Davids (1895-1945 Bergen-Belsen) and includes an introduction by him.
Rabbi Aaron Barend Davids, born in Amsterdam, was one of the leaders of HaMizrachi Movement, served as the Chief Rabbi of the Friesland district and as the rabbi of Rotterdam during the Holocaust. After the Nazi invasion of Holland, he continued to run the religious life of his community, teaching Torah, giving Talmud lessons and dedicating his time to solving halachic problems that arose due to the Nazi occupation. In 1943, he was banished to the Westerbork Camp and later to Bergen-Belsen, where he died.
23 pp, 16 cm. Good condition. Stains on the cover and on several leaves. Minor creases in the corners.
A booklet published in preparation for Passover 1941, with instructions on how to observe the Mitzvahs of Passover in the harsh conditions of food rationing that prevailed in Rotterdam under the Nazi occupation. It contains a list of products permitted for use on Passover, several recipes, a list of medicines that can be consumed, the times of the holiday in various areas in Holland, and more.
The booklet was published by the rabbi of the town, Rabbi Aaron Barend Davids (1895-1945 Bergen-Belsen) and includes an introduction by him.
Rabbi Aaron Barend Davids, born in Amsterdam, was one of the leaders of HaMizrachi Movement, served as the Chief Rabbi of the Friesland district and as the rabbi of Rotterdam during the Holocaust. After the Nazi invasion of Holland, he continued to run the religious life of his community, teaching Torah, giving Talmud lessons and dedicating his time to solving halachic problems that arose due to the Nazi occupation. In 1943, he was banished to the Westerbork Camp and later to Bergen-Belsen, where he died.
23 pp, 16 cm. Good condition. Stains on the cover and on several leaves. Minor creases in the corners.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
![Die Herkunft der sogenannten portugiesischen Juden [The Origins of Those Known as Portuguese Jews], a typewritten, mimeograph](https://files.kedem-auctions.com/files/Sale68-public/222.jpg "An Essay about the Origins of the Portuguese Jewish Community of the N")
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $2,000
Unsold
Die Herkunft der sogenannten portugiesischen Juden [The Origins of Those Known as Portuguese Jews], a typewritten, mimeographed booklet, [by Percy Cohen Henriquez]. [The Netherlands, ca. 1942]. German.
This booklet was printed in the midst of World War II, and it contains a detailed research about the allegedly non-Jewish origin of the Portuguese community in the Netherlands (in order to legitimize it in the eyes of the Nazis). The research addresses the origins of the Jewish community in Spain, the extensive scope of conversion to Judaism among the Christian and Muslim population of Spain in early times, the mixed marriages of the converso community after the rise of the Inquisition and the separate social status of the community in the Netherlands. The composition contains many excerpts and quotations by various scholars and historians (the author specifically notes that they are not Jewish) and includes two addendums: a legal opinion by the Dutch lawyer Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen (dated 19.3.1942) and an anthropological report by the Dutch neurologist Ariëns Kappers, demonstrating that the skulls of Portuguese Jews differ from those of Ashkenazic Jews.
The name of the author is not mentioned in the report; however, presumably, he is the Jewish engineer Percy Cohen Henriquez (1909-2000), born in Curaçao, who was staying in the Netherlands during the war and survived since he was not registered as a Jew.
The Portuguese community was one of the most important and ancient Jewish communities in the Netherlands. Due to the state of war between the Netherlands and the true country of origin of the community – Spain, the Jews preferred to call themselves by the name of the neighboring country – Portugal. Over the years, several of the leading rabbis and Jewish intellectuals of Modern history grew up in the community, among them are Rabbi Shlomo di Oliveira, Saul Levi Morteira, Baruch Spinoza and many others.
During World War II, the Germans practiced a unique policy in the occupied Netherlands, enabling the Jews to rebut being registered as Jews. The person responsible for their registration in Hague, the Righteous among Nations, Hans Georg Calmeyer (1903-1972), took advantage of this "breach" of the German law, and changed the registration of thousands from "Jewish" to "half-Jewish". The booklet before us was published as part of these efforts and was possibly submitted to Calmeyer, who in 1942 (the year the booklet was published) composed a list of 370 Jews of "pure" Spanish origin who should be exempted from the Nazi race laws.
34 pp, approx. 33 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes. Stains on cover. Tears to spine and an open tear to one corner of the cover.
See: Did the Nazis Think that Sephardim were Jews? By Bernd Rother (in Divrei HaCongress Hashnem Assar LeMada'ei HaYahadut, Jerusalem: Magnes, 2001. pp. 105-113).
This booklet was printed in the midst of World War II, and it contains a detailed research about the allegedly non-Jewish origin of the Portuguese community in the Netherlands (in order to legitimize it in the eyes of the Nazis). The research addresses the origins of the Jewish community in Spain, the extensive scope of conversion to Judaism among the Christian and Muslim population of Spain in early times, the mixed marriages of the converso community after the rise of the Inquisition and the separate social status of the community in the Netherlands. The composition contains many excerpts and quotations by various scholars and historians (the author specifically notes that they are not Jewish) and includes two addendums: a legal opinion by the Dutch lawyer Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen (dated 19.3.1942) and an anthropological report by the Dutch neurologist Ariëns Kappers, demonstrating that the skulls of Portuguese Jews differ from those of Ashkenazic Jews.
The name of the author is not mentioned in the report; however, presumably, he is the Jewish engineer Percy Cohen Henriquez (1909-2000), born in Curaçao, who was staying in the Netherlands during the war and survived since he was not registered as a Jew.
The Portuguese community was one of the most important and ancient Jewish communities in the Netherlands. Due to the state of war between the Netherlands and the true country of origin of the community – Spain, the Jews preferred to call themselves by the name of the neighboring country – Portugal. Over the years, several of the leading rabbis and Jewish intellectuals of Modern history grew up in the community, among them are Rabbi Shlomo di Oliveira, Saul Levi Morteira, Baruch Spinoza and many others.
During World War II, the Germans practiced a unique policy in the occupied Netherlands, enabling the Jews to rebut being registered as Jews. The person responsible for their registration in Hague, the Righteous among Nations, Hans Georg Calmeyer (1903-1972), took advantage of this "breach" of the German law, and changed the registration of thousands from "Jewish" to "half-Jewish". The booklet before us was published as part of these efforts and was possibly submitted to Calmeyer, who in 1942 (the year the booklet was published) composed a list of 370 Jews of "pure" Spanish origin who should be exempted from the Nazi race laws.
34 pp, approx. 33 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes. Stains on cover. Tears to spine and an open tear to one corner of the cover.
See: Did the Nazis Think that Sephardim were Jews? By Bernd Rother (in Divrei HaCongress Hashnem Assar LeMada'ei HaYahadut, Jerusalem: Magnes, 2001. pp. 105-113).
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $800
Sold for: $1,000
Including buyer's premium
Photographic postcard from the Lodz Ghetto. Lodz, 1940.
On the postcard, which is designed like a "Shanah Tovah" (Happy New Year) postcard, a boy's portrait appears inside a Star of David being carried in the beak of a bird. On the upper part of the postcard appears the inscription "Litzmannstadt" (the Nazi German name of the ghetto) and on both sides of the portrait, the rest of the inscription – "Getto 1940".
Handwritten Polish words and sentence fragments, and the date 11.XI.41 appear on verso.
8.5X13.5 cm. Good condition. Fractures to the corners of the postcard. Stains. Abrasions on verso.
On the postcard, which is designed like a "Shanah Tovah" (Happy New Year) postcard, a boy's portrait appears inside a Star of David being carried in the beak of a bird. On the upper part of the postcard appears the inscription "Litzmannstadt" (the Nazi German name of the ghetto) and on both sides of the portrait, the rest of the inscription – "Getto 1940".
Handwritten Polish words and sentence fragments, and the date 11.XI.41 appear on verso.
8.5X13.5 cm. Good condition. Fractures to the corners of the postcard. Stains. Abrasions on verso.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $1,000
Unsold
"Mishloach Manot… 5701" (Hebrew), a handwritten booklet made for the festival of Purim and presented to the head of the Judenrat of the Lodz Ghetto, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. [Lodz], 1941.
The booklet, presumably made by a resident of the Lodz Ghetto, contains several word plays in the spirit of Purim: the author's name was encoded within a verse written on the title page (some of the letters are marked and when combined reveal the Hebrew name Ya'akov Brickman); the second page features seven blessings, arranged in the form of a Star of David; and the third page features an acrostic poem – the first letters of the lines spell the Hebrew name "Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski". The booklet also features three interesting inscriptions - a Hebrew inscription on the title page reads "From the yeshiva students, [?]irska 43/45" (Hebrew); another Hebrew inscription on the same page reads "I address my verses to the King, my tongue is the pen of a ready writer" (Psalms 45:2); the third inscription, written in Yiddish on the back of the last leaf, reads "to the elder of the Jews of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Mr. M.C. Rumkowski".
Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski was the chairman of the Judenrat of the Lodz Ghetto during all the years of its existence. Rumkowski, considered one of the most controversial figures in the history of the Holocaust, created a cult of personality around himself during his years as head of the Judenrat: organizing parades, hanging his picture at schools, issuing banknotes and postage stamps with his portrait and more. In 1944, he was sent together with the remaining prisoners of the ghetto to the Auschwitz Extermination Camp.
[4] leaves (two sheets folded in half, stapled to form a booklet). Approx. 30.5 cm. Good condition. Minor stains and creases. Fold lines. Small tears along edges. A small open tear to the first leaf (slightly affecting the text).
The booklet, presumably made by a resident of the Lodz Ghetto, contains several word plays in the spirit of Purim: the author's name was encoded within a verse written on the title page (some of the letters are marked and when combined reveal the Hebrew name Ya'akov Brickman); the second page features seven blessings, arranged in the form of a Star of David; and the third page features an acrostic poem – the first letters of the lines spell the Hebrew name "Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski". The booklet also features three interesting inscriptions - a Hebrew inscription on the title page reads "From the yeshiva students, [?]irska 43/45" (Hebrew); another Hebrew inscription on the same page reads "I address my verses to the King, my tongue is the pen of a ready writer" (Psalms 45:2); the third inscription, written in Yiddish on the back of the last leaf, reads "to the elder of the Jews of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Mr. M.C. Rumkowski".
Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski was the chairman of the Judenrat of the Lodz Ghetto during all the years of its existence. Rumkowski, considered one of the most controversial figures in the history of the Holocaust, created a cult of personality around himself during his years as head of the Judenrat: organizing parades, hanging his picture at schools, issuing banknotes and postage stamps with his portrait and more. In 1944, he was sent together with the remaining prisoners of the ghetto to the Auschwitz Extermination Camp.
[4] leaves (two sheets folded in half, stapled to form a booklet). Approx. 30.5 cm. Good condition. Minor stains and creases. Fold lines. Small tears along edges. A small open tear to the first leaf (slightly affecting the text).
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
![Six photographs of Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto during the Holocaust. [Tarnów, ca. 1941]. The photographs depict the streets of](https://files.kedem-auctions.com/files/Sale68-public/225_1.jpg "Six Photographs from the Holocaust – Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto – Polan")
![Six photographs of Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto during the Holocaust. [Tarnów, ca. 1941]. The photographs depict the streets of](https://files.kedem-auctions.com/files/Sale68-public/225_2.jpg "Six Photographs from the Holocaust – Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto – Polan")
![Six photographs of Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto during the Holocaust. [Tarnów, ca. 1941]. The photographs depict the streets of](https://files.kedem-auctions.com/files/Sale68-public/225_3.jpg "Six Photographs from the Holocaust – Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto – Polan")
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $400
Sold for: $500
Including buyer's premium
Six photographs of Jews in the Tarnów Ghetto during the Holocaust. [Tarnów, ca. 1941].
The photographs depict the streets of the ghetto, Jews wearing armbands and shops marked with Stars of David. A handwritten German caption on verso of four of the photographs reads: "Mai 41, Tarnov, Judenviertel" [May 1941, Tarnów, the Jewish Quarter]. The two remaining photographs are also captioned in handwriting, on verso.
Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów (comprising approx. half of the town's total population). With the outbreak of the war in September 1939 thousands of Jewish refugees from Western Poland arrived in the city, but it was only a matter of days before it was occupied by the Germans. From the first day of the occupation, the Germans began persecuting the Jews, confiscating their property and drafting them for forced labor. They also burned down most of the town's synagogues. In the following years, the persecution of the Jews increased and in March 1941, the establishment of the ghetto was announced. Three months later, in June, Jews from all around the area were transported to the ghetto; their number reached approx. 40,000 people.
On September 3, 1943, the ghetto was surrounded and its final extermination began. Approx. 7000 Jews were sent to their death in Auschwitz and 3000 were sent to the Płaszów forced labor camp. In late 1943, the city was announced "Judenrein" (free of Jews)
6 photographs, approx. 8.5X6.5 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes.
The photographs depict the streets of the ghetto, Jews wearing armbands and shops marked with Stars of David. A handwritten German caption on verso of four of the photographs reads: "Mai 41, Tarnov, Judenviertel" [May 1941, Tarnów, the Jewish Quarter]. The two remaining photographs are also captioned in handwriting, on verso.
Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów (comprising approx. half of the town's total population). With the outbreak of the war in September 1939 thousands of Jewish refugees from Western Poland arrived in the city, but it was only a matter of days before it was occupied by the Germans. From the first day of the occupation, the Germans began persecuting the Jews, confiscating their property and drafting them for forced labor. They also burned down most of the town's synagogues. In the following years, the persecution of the Jews increased and in March 1941, the establishment of the ghetto was announced. Three months later, in June, Jews from all around the area were transported to the ghetto; their number reached approx. 40,000 people.
On September 3, 1943, the ghetto was surrounded and its final extermination began. Approx. 7000 Jews were sent to their death in Auschwitz and 3000 were sent to the Płaszów forced labor camp. In late 1943, the city was announced "Judenrein" (free of Jews)
6 photographs, approx. 8.5X6.5 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $500
Unsold
Sur MeRa, by Rabbi Leon (Yehudah Aryeh) of Modena. Vilnius: Rozenkrants & Shriftzettser, 1903.
"Sur MeRa", a short composition on gambling written by Rabbi Leon of Modena in his youth – a copy from the Theresienstadt Ghetto library. On the book's back cover there is a paper label with the catalog number of the book in the ghetto library – "IC 3318" (the number also appears on the inside front binding, in handwriting). Two pages are stamped "Bibliothek der jüd. Gemeinde Berlin" – The library of the Berlin Jewish community.
The Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the Nazis in 1941 in the town Terezin in the Czech Republic. The large number of intellectual Jews imprisoned there led to the development of rich cultural life, which was most unusual for the ghettoes, and to the establishment of the Jewish library in the ghetto. The library opened to visitors in November 1942 and was managed by Emil Utitz, a professor of philosophy and psychology from the city of Prague, who held the position until the liberation. At first, it contained a modest collection of 4,000 books; however, it gradually expanded to include more than 65,000 books, in a variety of languages and on a variety of subjects. In 1943, when the Germans decided to turn the ghetto into a "model ghetto" in preparation for the visit of the Red Cross representatives, the library was moved to a large renovated building, where it remained until the end of the war.
40 pp, 13.5 cm. Good condition. Minor stains. Several small tears along the edges of the leaves. Cardboard binding with cloth spine. Stains and blemishes to binding.
"Sur MeRa", a short composition on gambling written by Rabbi Leon of Modena in his youth – a copy from the Theresienstadt Ghetto library. On the book's back cover there is a paper label with the catalog number of the book in the ghetto library – "IC 3318" (the number also appears on the inside front binding, in handwriting). Two pages are stamped "Bibliothek der jüd. Gemeinde Berlin" – The library of the Berlin Jewish community.
The Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the Nazis in 1941 in the town Terezin in the Czech Republic. The large number of intellectual Jews imprisoned there led to the development of rich cultural life, which was most unusual for the ghettoes, and to the establishment of the Jewish library in the ghetto. The library opened to visitors in November 1942 and was managed by Emil Utitz, a professor of philosophy and psychology from the city of Prague, who held the position until the liberation. At first, it contained a modest collection of 4,000 books; however, it gradually expanded to include more than 65,000 books, in a variety of languages and on a variety of subjects. In 1943, when the Germans decided to turn the ghetto into a "model ghetto" in preparation for the visit of the Red Cross representatives, the library was moved to a large renovated building, where it remained until the end of the war.
40 pp, 13.5 cm. Good condition. Minor stains. Several small tears along the edges of the leaves. Cardboard binding with cloth spine. Stains and blemishes to binding.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue
Auction 68 - Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
September 19, 2019
Opening: $1,000
Sold for: $2,750
Including buyer's premium
Three yellow badges that the Jews of Europe were ordered to wear during the Holocaust as an identifying mark and a badge of shame. [France, Germany and Slovakia, late 1930s / 1940s].
Yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David, with the word "Juif" in its center [France]; yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David, with the word "Jude" in its center [Germany]; yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David (blank); sewn onto blue felt [Slovakia].
Approx. 7X7 cm to 11X10 cm. Condition varies. Tears to the French badge.
For sale only to qualified buyers for donation to a major Holocaust museum or other appropriate institution.
Yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David, with the word "Juif" in its center [France]; yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David, with the word "Jude" in its center [Germany]; yellow cloth badge, shaped as a Star of David (blank); sewn onto blue felt [Slovakia].
Approx. 7X7 cm to 11X10 cm. Condition varies. Tears to the French badge.
For sale only to qualified buyers for donation to a major Holocaust museum or other appropriate institution.
Category
Antisemitism, Holocaust and She'erit HaPletah
Catalogue