Auction 64- Jewish and Israeli History and Culture
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Mentioned in these letters are, among other topics, Yaroshevsky's grief after the holocaust, locating surviving relatives, sentiment of revenge against the German nation, the Zionist enterprise, David Ben-Gurion, life in the detention camp and the Jewish identity.
In early letters Yaroshevsky deals in detail with the holocaust using, often enough, a harsh and sharp language. In a letter dated 27 Heshvan, 1946, for example, he writes: "why were we slaughtered at the last minute?...you want to kick, to burn and to bomb the entire world…".
Further on the letters are focused on the future of Zionism and building the land. In a letter dated Nisan 13, 1947, it is written: "No point in crying and weeping, this way we shall not save and not be saved, it is a new era in our history, a period of life and work, of strengthening the people and gathering it to the land of its ancestors".
Two letters were sent from Atlit detention camp and they reflect Yaroshevsky's overwhelming excitement following his arrival in Palestine.
Total of 22 letters. Size and condition vary. Overall good condition. Folding marks, stains and creases. Small tears at margins of a few letters and filing holes to one letter (not affecting text). One letter is cut width-wise and lacks the upper part. One letter is possibly lacking the top part.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
Photos include: female illegal immigrants from the ship Haviva Reik hanging laundry on barbed-wire fences; nurses vaccinating new detainees at the camp; doctors from the Jewish Agency performing medical inspections; five photographs from the estate of a Jewish policeman posted at the camp – photographs with policemen, a photograph with illegal immigrants, planting a tree near the camp fence and more; photographic portraits of children held at the camp; and more.
Four of the photographs are press photos, with ink stamps of press agencies and printed information notes on verso (in English). One photograph is divided on the back to be used as a postcard, with a handwritten inscription: "Souvenir, clearance camp Atlit, 14.4.1942".
Size and condition vary. Good overall condition. Minor blemishes. One photograph with ink marks.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
• Eighteen broadsides and notices printed by the Irgun: an early broadside from 1939, calling for the release of Jewish prisoners from British jails; a sharply worded broadside from the "Saison" period condemning Haganah acts and threatening retaliation; a broadside from 1947 notifying the public of the British intention to execute Dov Gruner, and warning the British government that the sentence must not be carried out; a broadside from 1947 on behalf of the "Court of the Irgun", notifying the public of the execution of sergeants Clifford Martin and Mervyn Paice; broadside from 1947 detailing the involvement of the Haganah organization in the explosion at the King David Hotel; broadside from 1947 notifying the public of the planting of landmines along train routes in Palestine, and warning Jewish and Arab citizens that they should avoid boarding trains; broadside addressed to the Scouts organization in Haifa, in an attempt to persuade members to join the Irgun rather than the Haganah; and more.
• A dozen paper labels and propaganda notes of the Irgun, with propaganda slogans and Biblical verses.
• Three Irgun posters, including a poster of the radio station "Kol Tsion HaLochemet" (Voice of Fighting Zion) from April 25, 1948, notifying the public of the beginning of daily news broadcasts.
• Mourning notice published following the execution of the "Olei HaGardom" Dov Gruner, Dov Rosenbaum [Yehiel Dresner], Mordecai Elkoshi [Elkahi] and Eliezer Kashani, on June 16, 1947.
• "Commanders' Anthology 2, Talks to New Recruits", printed booklet with instructions on how to conduct talks with new Irgun recruits: the organization's ambitions, its military nature, secrecy and other issues. Dedicated in print to the organization's commander David Raziel. Ca. 1940s.
• In Kenyan Exile, Daily Newspaper, Published in the Camp of Jewish Citizens in British Detention in Kenya. Issue no. 370 from May 30, 1948, with reports from the front of the War of Independence and a review of discussions at the Security Council.
• "Letter to Every Loyal Hebrew – to Every Young Organized Hebrew – in the Homeland", booklet by the Irgun and Lehi, typewritten and mimeographed, addressing the Jewish Yishuv and calling on it to avoid a civil war. Printed in Heshvan 1944.
• "Statements of the Accused in the Cairo Trial, whose Publication was Prohibited by the President of the Court", booklet by Lehi, typewritten and mimeographed, with the statements of the two assassins of Lord Moyne, Eliyahu Bet-Zuri and Eliyahu Hakim. Printed in 1945.
• HaHazit [The Front], the Lehi newspaper. Issue no. 18, from Nissan 1945.
• And more.
Enclosed: Broadside with a notice from High Commissioner Alan Cunningham, broadcast on the radio on June 30, 1946 following the explosion at the King David Hotel.
Size and condition vary. Good-fair overall condition.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
Among the photographs: a photograph of Avshalom with his family from his childhood; photograph of Avshalom and his sister Ruth, building a snowman on the roof of their house in Jerusalem; Avshalom in Palmach uniform on the beach; portrait photograph of Avshalom and his brother Israel; two photographs of Zalman Shazar shaking the hand of one family member (most probably Avshalom's father, Eliezer); two photographs of Menachem Begin and the family members; and more.
Two photographs appear in two copies. Six photographs are titled and dated on the back. Ink stamps on the back of three photographs.
Avshalom Haviv (1926-1947), Palmach and Etzel (Irgun) member, one of the ten underground activists sentenced to hanging by the British ("Olei HaGardon"). Haviv participated in numerous operations (among them the release of illegal immigrants from Atlit detention camp, attack on British secret police offices and bombing of the Goldschmidt British officers' club). On May 4, 1947 he was arrested together with four of his friends while breaking into the Acre prison. During his trial, Haviv refused to acknowledge the authority of the court, rejected the offer for legal defense and instead asked to read a long declaration, voicing his stands and beliefs. On July 29, at four o'clock in the morning, Haviv was taken from his cell and was led to the gallows singing "HaTikva".
Enclosed: three portrait photographs of Avshalom's brother, Israel Haviv; three invitations to ceremonies and official occasions in memory of "Olei HaGardom"; booklet commemorating "Olei HaGardom" issued by the Tel-Aviv-Jaffa Municipality; certificate of appreciation on behalf of "Misdar al shem Zeev Jaborinsky" awarded to the author Aryeh Eshel, following the publication of his book about Avshalom.
12 photographs (two appear in two copies). Size and condition vary. Good overall condition. Stains and blemishes (mostly slight). One photograph has four pinholes at the corners.
"Operation Hippopotamus" and "Operation Elephant" were the names given by the British authorities to the military curfew imposed on Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in response to actions by the Irgun and Lehi in the years 1946-1947. The operation, meticulously planned months in advance, was meant to force the Jewish public to hand in members of these paramilitary groups. It included the cessation of bus traffic, closing of the courts, cessation of mail and telephone services and a prohibition on leaving one's home during night hours. Despite the operation, the paramilitary groups continued to carry out dozens of missions while the curfew was in place. On March 17, 1947, about two weeks after it began, the British decided to end the operation.
The present item is the official report written by the commanders of the First Infantry Division, the unit responsible for imposing the curfew, in April 1947. The report includes, among other things, a witness statement by Richard Gale, the division's commander; English translations of articles from Hebrew newspapers; a survey of the preliminary planning and the execution of the curfew; diagrams of central streets in Tel Aviv with markings of passageways and entrances; maps with markings of telephone switchboards near the major cities; a list of telephone numbers of Jewish institutions; and other topics. In addition, at the end of the report are three large maps showing the area of the curfew, the forces' arrangement, and places where the paramilitary groups were able to carry out operations against the British army.
At the beginning of the report is an illustrated title page showing an elephant wearing a policeman's hat, waving the unit's flag with his trunk.
Numbered with an ink stamp on the front cover: 134 (the end of the report contains instructions for distribution among the different units. According to these instructions, only 200 copies in total were printed). Printed on the front cover and on top of each page is the classification: Secret.
[2], 145 pp + [3] folded maps and [1] folded index, 30 cm. Good condition. Stains, creases and minor blemishes (mostly to cover). Small tears to seam between title page and following leaf. Small marginal tear to one of the maps.
Items include:
• Letter from May 11, 1945, sent by eleven mayors of Jewish cities and towns in Palestine to the High Commissioner John Vereker, with an urgent request to transfer the inmates of the African camps back to Palestine. Stamped with ink stamps and signed by each of the mayors of the following cities: Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Rishon LeTzion, Petah Tikva, Petah Tikva (rural area), Bat Yam, Kfar Saba, Holon, Ra'anana, Herzliya and Afula. Typewritten on official stationery of the "Union of Local Councils".
• Letter from March 28, 1948, sent by the "camp representative" at Gilgil, Shmuel M. Katzenelson (Shmuel Tamir) to a member of the Tel Aviv Municipality, H. Ariav. The letter expresses the apprehension of the detainees following the arrival in Kenya of the English officer Roy Farran, murderer of Alexander Rubowitz, accompanied by two deserters from the English army.
• Four handwritten letters sent by detainees at the Gilgil camp to Palestine in February-April 1948. The letters concern life in the camps, receiving newspapers and news from Palestine, sports competitions, the visit to the camp by Chief Rabbi of South Africa Louis Isaac Rabinowitz, and other topics. One of the letters is addressed to the "Le'Asireinu" ("For Our Prisoners") Society (which assisted Jewish prisoners and detainees), concerning the "disappearance" of moneys sent to detainees.
• Telegram sent from Tel Aviv in March 1948 by Rabbi Louis Rabinowitz to the Jewish inmates at Gilgil camp. The telegram tells of a U.N. resolution to return the inmates to Palestine no later than May 15, 1948.
• Certificate issued to Irgun member Chaim Tsines on behalf of the "Exile Camp Representatives". The certificate attests that Tsines "was detained at the Zion Exiles camp in Kenya and left for the homeland with the last exiles". It is dated on the bottom: "Eve of the closing of the Gilgil exile camp, 27 Sivan [June 4] 1948". Marked with an ink stamp of the "Directorate of the Jewish Exile Camp, Kenya".
• In Exile at Asmara, Quarantine Camp, Asmara, Eritrea. 22 Nissan (April 23) 1946. Issue no. 124. Single leaf in handwriting, in newspaper format – review of an attack on military camps and courts in Palestine, report on the proposal to return Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini to Lebanon, the burial of one of the detainees and other topics. Written on the reverse of a certificate used by the Italian army.
• In Exile in Sudan [...] Cathago Internment Camp, Sudan Desert. 4 Nissan (March 18) 1945. Issue no. 38 (107). Two leaves, typewritten and mimeographed, in newspaper format – review of the capture of detainees who had escaped from the camp, the inauguration of a Torah scroll at the camp synagogue, news from the war fronts in Europe and other topics.
• Two uncut sheets, one in Hebrew and the other in English, of notes with propaganda slogans protesting the deportation of Jews to African camps.
• Two group photographs of detainees at the Asmara camp.
• And more.
Enclosed: two envelopes of letters sent by detainees at the Gilgil camp in 1948, one to Palestine and the other to Paris.
Size and condition vary. Good-fair overall condition. Stains. Folding marks, filing holes, tears and open tears (mostly small and restored) to some items.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
Thick book, mimeographed, with illustrations, diagrams, charts, sheet music, appendices and maps. A comprehensive study of the three years spent by the Etzel and Lehi exiles in detention camps in Africa.
A handwritten note to David Linivsky (Niv), one of the book's editors, was bound in the book. The note reads: "To David Linivsky from Rivka and Moshe Ben-Gal (Bachar), 'Good Luck'!!! 11.7.49".
321, [4] leaves + [3] photograph plates. Leaves 11 and 301 were bound twice. 33 cm. Some stains and markings in pen. Creases. Some tears at margins of leaves. Rough tears at margins of two leaves, affecting the text. Creases and tears to cover. The cover is restored, cloth spine.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
1-4. Four issues of "Kol Ha-Am" newspaper, official paper of the communist party. Issues nos. 237-240, 26-30.11.1947.
5-6. Issue of "HaAretz", 30.11.1947. Headline: "It was decided to establish a Jewish State". Enclosed is a single leaf – special edition of "HaAretz" newspaper, following the UN resolution.
7-8. Two issues of "Yediot Achronot" newspaper from 30.11.1947. First edition and second edition.
9-10. Two issues of "Davar" newspaper from 30.11.1947: issue no. 6802; headline: "Jewish State was Established", and a "Special Edition" issue, headline: "Executive Committee of the United Nations will Meet in Tel-Aviv".
11. Issue of "HaMashkif, National Daily Paper" from 30.11.1947. Headline: "It was Decided that Palestine will be Divided".
12. Issue of "Mishmar", from 30.11.1947. Headline: "33 Votes to 13 in favor of the Partition Plan".
13. Issue of "HaZofeh" from 30.11.1947. Headline: "The United Nations Approved the Establishment of a Jewish State – 33 Votes Against 13".
14. Issue of "HaBoker" from 30.11.1947. Headline: "Jewish State was Approved".
15. Issue of "Dos Yiddishe Vort". Munich, 12.12.1947. Yiddish and Hebrew.
A newspaper published in Germany, on behalf of "Agudat Israel", for She'erit Hapletah. The paper reported news, updates from "Agudat Israel" chapters worldwide, and more. On the first page of the paper appear updates about the UN resolution.
16. Issue of "Di Tzionistishe Shtime" [The Zionist Voice], published by the European office of "HaZionim HaKlalyim", 3.12.1947. Yiddish.
A special edition; headline: "Zol lebn di idishe medine! Zol lebn dos idishe folk!" [Long live the Jewish State! Long live the Jewish People!]. The issue is lacking at the end.
Enclosed: Single leaf from the newspaper "Ashmoret" from 4.12.1947. On this leaf appear photographs of the celebrations in the country, and the headlines of newspapers of the same day.
Total of 16 issues. Size and condition vary. Good overall condition. Tears, some slightly affecting text, some reinforced with adhesive tape. A piece is cut out from the last page of "HaBoker". Stains. Some pen inscriptions, folds and folding marks. The issue of "Di Tzionistishe Shtime" is incomplete (missing pages at the end).
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
Withdrawn.
Two intelligence reports concerning battles in Jerusalem - War of Independence. [Jerusalem?], 1948.
1-2. Report from April 9, 1948, typewritten and mimeographed, containing a preliminary report about the death of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, the commander of the Arab forces in Jerusalem, in the battle of the Castel. The report, which is addressed to "Eldad" and "Hashmonai" (apparently Eldad Orbach-Avidar, commander of the Nahshon Battalion, and intelligence officer Yaakov Eini) from "Tzaddik" (apparently intelligence officer Moshe Diskin), gives news that was received from "Yehiam" (Mordechai Gazit), commander of one of the companies that took part in the battle: "One Arab apparently lost his way and reached the headquarters, where he was killed, and a handgun, a Sten and important papers were found on him. His name – Abd El-Khadr Sulim….". A handwritten note in parentheses appears near that sentence: "Abdel Qadr Husayni". The report also refers to the troops’ exhaustion, the urgent need to replace them, and the fall of Haim Cohen, one of the combat soldiers (his personal information appears at the bottom, together with orders to notify his family of his death, and the handwritten note: "His body has not yet been found").
Two copies (the same handwritten additions appear on both).
[1] leaf, approx. 32.5 cm. Good-fair condition. Creases and slight stains. Filing holes and pinholes. Tears and open tears in the margins (not affecting text).
3. Report from March 13, 1948, typewritten, containing accounts by two combat soldiers who had returned from Operation Shmuel (an attempt by the Haganah to attack Arab vehicles on the Ramallah-Latrun highway). In their accounts, the two soldiers, Yitzhak Goldberger and Yitzhak Silberstein, describe the chain of events of the operation, the array of forces, the discovery of the ambush and the retreat under fire. The report also contains a handwritten sketch of the arrangement of the troops, with the names of the combat soldiers who took part in the action.
Only three of the nineteen combat soldiers who took part in Operation Shmuel returned alive. The writer of the report and those to whom it was addressed are the same people noted in the above paragraph, with two others: "Shadmi" [Issachar Shadmi?] and "Ben Yehudah" [Netiva Ben-Yehudah?].
2 pp, 33 cm. Good condition. Some creases and blemishes. Pinholes in the upper margin (not affecting text).
• "Report by Shalom Horowitz about the Mount Scopus convoy disaster in Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood, on April 13, 1948". A ten-page report, typewritten and mimeographed, commissioned by the Hebrew University after the massacre of the medical convoy ("Hadassah Convoy") in Sheikh Jarrah. Enclosed are lists of injured, list of missing and list of casualties, as well as a letter sent by the report's author, Shalom Horowitz, to Dr. David Werner Senator, Hebrew University administrator.
• Eight food stamps and certificates for receipt of products: "Ticket for distribution of 'Tnuva' products" issued by the "Supply Department, Jerusalem", for children between 8 and 12 years; "Ticket for distribution of Kerosene" issued by "'Va'adat HaMatzav' by the Jewish Congregation Committee Jerusalem"; "Ticket for Water Supply" issued by the "Water Supply Department, Jerusalem Municipality"; two temporary food tickets, issued by the "Supply Department, Jerusalem"; and more.
• Six printed items issued by "Mishmar Ha'am" volunteer unit, Jerusalem: Certificate for a woman named Michal Spivak, indicating that she was appointed as "Commander of the Women Force of Mishmar Ha'am in Jerusalem", dated 27.5.1948; ticket for distribution of supplies in Mazkeret Moshe neighborhood (blank); certificate of appreciation awarded on 16.5.1949 to Moshe Levin, commander of zone 4 in "Mishmar Ha'am"; and more.
• Eleven transport orders and permits issued by military units and authorities in Jerusalem: "Walking permit in the military occupied zone" issued by representative of the military governor in south Jerusalem, dated 9.7.1948; two transport orders to soldiers issued by "The wing in charge of supervision of traffic and transport" of the General Staff, Supply Wing; two permits to leave the city issued by the "Jerusalem council, central emergency authority"; handwritten permit issued by the Notre Dame regiment, to transfer forty empty bottles out of the area; and more. The documents are ink-stamped by the various units and hand signed by the persons in charge. Four permits were given to the director of the Israeli Antiquities Department during the war, Shmuel Yevin.
• Thirteen issues of the newspaper "Hadshot Zohorayim", published by Jerusalem Workers Union, dated 30.5-3.6, 7.6, 8.6, 11.6, 14.6-17.6 and 20.6., typewritten and mimeographed. The issues include various news about the war.
• Mount Scopus, issue no. 3, from 25.4.1948. A typewritten and mimeographed booklet with news from the war fronts, mostly from Hebrew radio stations. With an illustrated title page. At the end of the booklet appear instruction for submitting material in "Command room of section B" (apparently, the paper was printed by fighters on Mount Scopus).
• A small cloth bag with a printed illustration of two soldiers and the legend "Gift from Jerusalem to its defenders".
• And more.
Size and condition vary. Good overall condition.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
• 63 issues of "Dvar Yerushalayim, Iton Poale Yerushalayim". July-November 1948. The issues contain news about the battles in the Jerusalem area.
• Four issues of "Hayom" newspaper. April-July 1948. The issues include, among other things, reports about the destruction of "Hachurva" synagogue, battles in Ramat Rachel and more.
• Three issues of "Iton Hamagen" newspaper, published by the publicity department of the Haganah. April-June 1948.
• Two issues of "Yediot Yerushalayim", a joint newspaper of six national newspapers published in Jerusalem during the siege. April-May 1948.
• Six issues of the paper "Chadshot Zohorayim" published by the Jerusalem Workers Council, typewritten and mimeographed. May-June 1948.
• "Hayoman", issue from 3.6.1948.
• Five leaflets with news and updates regarding Independence War battles: "Division 6, Diary of Jerusalem Division"; "Bulletin no. 145", 25.4.1948 – transcripts of radio updates broadcast by "Kol Hamagen HaIvri" radio station of the Haganah; "Eretz Israel BeShidurim Arviyim, 13-14.7.1948"; "Kol Yerushalayim"; and more.
Size and condition vary. Good-fair overall condition. Some issues are missing leaves. Stains. Tears and open tears (mostly small, at margins), some reinforced with adhesive tape. A number of issues with ink-stamps and handwritten inscriptions.
Provenance: Rimon Family Collection.
Withdrawn.
Approximately 125 drafts, written by hand, typewritten or written on galley proofs, for decrees issued by Dov Yosef as governor of Jerusalem during the Israeli War of Independence. Jerusalem, [1948-1949]. Hebrew (one item in English).
The drafts in this collection are from various stages of editing (some are written on notes and some are typewritten and stapled as booklets), and they record the work done by Yosef during the war, the procedure of wording laws, and life in besieged Jerusalem. Among them: thirteen drafts for Order no. 1, announcing that Dov Yosef is the Governor and that Jerusalem and its inhabitants are under his command; eleven drafts to Order no. 2, that includes the "held area" in Jerusalem in the zone of the State of Israel; dozens of galley proofs of the compilation "Decrees, orders and notices", with comments and additions handwritten by Yosef; drafts for decrees concerning annexation of neighborhoods occupied by IDF, abandoned property, supervision of food supply, limitations on residential rent, curfew on neighborhoods on the border, cancellation of claims against the administration and its representatives, and other subjects.
Dov (Bernard) Yosef (1899-1980), jurist and minister in Israeli governments, born in Montreal. On August 2, 1948 he was appointed military governor of Jerusalem and was in charge of its civil, economic and military matters. Yosef became governor when the city was besieged, with its destiny pending, and saw himself being responsible for supporting the citizens and strengthening Jerusalem's status as the capital of Israel. In his book "Kirya Ne'emana…1948" (Schocken, 1960), Yosef told about his feelings when he undertook this mission: "Most of my life I sat in Jerusalem… at that moment I felt the wings of providence, and I was praying for success in this crucial position imposed on me" (Hebrew).
Size and condition vary. Good overall condition. Minor blemishes. Filing holes. Tears and open tears at margins of some leaves (mostly small).