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Shulchan Aruch HaRav, selected laws from Choshen Mishpat, by R. Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the Baal HaTanya. Zhitomir: R. Chanina Lipa and R. Yehoshua Heshel Shapira, grandsons of the Rabbi of Slavita, 1855.
Fine, wide-margined copy, with handwritten glosses. The handwriting was identified as that of Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, author of Tzemach Tzedek of Lubavitch.
These glosses, on the laws of theft and robbery (sections 4, 15, pp. 156a, 157b), are replacements of entire sections omitted by the censor.
The first three editions of Shulchan Aruch HaRav were not censored; however, starting with the fourth edition (Warsaw 1838), the censors started removing passages and sometimes even entire sections of the Shulchan Aruch. The censorship was especially strict in regards to halachic works related to Choshen Mishpat (see: R. Yehoshua Mondshine, Sifrei Halacha shel Admor HaZaken – Bibliography, p. 36 onwards).
In this copy, the Tzemach Tzedek added, in his own handwriting, the omitted sections dealing with taxes, robbery and a gentile's mistake, in their entirety, as they were printed in the first edition of Shulchan Aruch HaRav. The Tzemach Tzedek also added parenthesis in several places, around words which were added by the censors.
R. Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the Tzemach Tzedek of Lubavitch (1789-1866) – third rebbe in the Chabad Chassidic dynasty. Grandson and close disciple of Rebbe Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the Baal HaTanya, and son-in-law of his uncle, the Mitteler Rebbe, R. Dov Ber Shneuri. He was orphaned of his mother at the age of three, and was raised as a cherished son in the home of his grandfather the Baal HaTanya, remaining faithfully at his side for many years. After the passing of his father-in-law the Mitteler Rebbe in 1827, he began leading the Chabad Chassidut, a position he held for over 36 years.
During the Tzemach Tzedek's leadership, the Chabad Chassidic court expanded greatly, until it became the largest faction of Russian Jewry. Hundreds of thousands of Jews from throughout Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine followed the Tzemach Tzedek, cleaving to him with absolute devotion. Apart from serving as rebbe and guide for his Chassidim, the Tzemach Tzedek was a leading halachic authority of his generation. He issued thousands of responsa (in response to queries he received from rabbis and dayanim throughout Eastern-European countries). The Tzemach Tzedek also disseminated the teachings of his grandfather the Baal HaTanya, whether via his thousands of oral discourses, or through his prolific writing – in Halacha, Chassidut and Kabbalah. The books that theTzemach Tzedek edited and published – Torah Or and Likutei Torah were heavily censored by the Russian authorities; dozens of sections of the original text were omitted and censored. These sections were copied by his disciples and some were later printed as supplements to new editions of Torah Or and Likutei Torah. R. Eliyahu Yosef Rivlin, author of Ohalei Yosef, a foremost disciple of the Tzemach Tzedek, was in the possession of a copy of Likutei Torah, the volumes of which were filled with marginalia – copyings from the manuscript of his teacher Tzemach Tzedek, including sectioned omitted by the cencorship and not yet printed (see: R. Yehoshua Mondshine, HaMasa HaAcharon, pp. 140-143, and in the notes).
The Tzemach Tzedek was the authoritative figure in all personal and communal matters of Belarus Jewry – "Every marital match, divorce and business deal, was only concluded with his blessing. Every dispute was brought to be judged before him. Without his approbation, no community appointed a rabbi nor Shochet… all the needs of the Jewish people were beknown to him, their business dealings, familial and communal lives" (Alexander Ziskind Rabinowitz – Azar, History of the Schneersohn Family, HaAsif, 1889, p. 166). In 1843, he spent a half a year in St. Petersburg together with R. Yitzchak of Volozhin, participating in various conferences convened by the Tsarist government, to determine many crucial communal matters relating to Russian Jewry. During these conferences, he fiercely opposed the maskilim who wished to revise the Jewish education system.
The Tzemach Tzedek earnt the reputation of a holy, G-dly man, benefitting from Divine Inspiration and effecting salvations, whose prayers and blessings did not go unanswered. Wondrous stories surrounding him abound, regarding the Divine inspiration with which he was able to guide agunot to find their husbands, living or dead, allowing them to remarry. Several of these stories were written soon after his passing by his disciple R. Yaakov Kadanir at the end of his book Sipurim Nora'im (Lviv, 1875).
[1], 133-167 leaves. 22.5 cm. Wide margins. Good condition. The glosses are slightly trimmed, with damage to a few words. Stains. Stamp. New binding.